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Mannheim
10/28/1938
A man is portrayed in a stereotyping manner. He tries to look past the camera. In front of him, the shoulder of another man can be seen. A uniformed man is standing in his back, holding close his nose.
In the article, the picture is subtitled “The Dade is very skeptic”. Dade stands for “father” in the Palatine dialect. It comes close to the Yiddish “Tate”.
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Historical context
Deportation von Mannheim nach Zbąszyń am 28.10.1938
In October 1938, 17,000 Polish Jews were expelled from the German Reich. Many of them were born or living in Germany for decades, but were never provided with a German passport. The order for this first centrally organized mass expulsion was given by Heinrich Himmler, its coordination lay in the hands of the ministries of the interior of the individual Reich states. On site, local police and finance authorities cooperated with the Reich railway. The so-called Polish Operation (German: Polenaktion) is regarded as the prelude to the extermination of the Jews today.
Starting on October 27, 1938, criminal police and secret state police (German abbreviation: Gestapo) joined forces in Mannheim, arrested seventy-five men and took them to the “Schlossgefängnis” (literally: castle prison). There the men were registered, had to undergo a body check and were taken to the main station on a police van in the late afternoon of October 28. Relatives had come together along the route to say goodbye.
At the station, two cars in which Jews from Karlsruhe were sitting were ready to depart. These cars were attached to a train from Ludwigshafen which was provided for the Jews from Mannheim.
About the image series
On October 29, 1938, the Nazi newspaper “Der Hakenkreuzbanner” (literally: Swastika banner) published three black-and-white photographs with the caption “The Dade says goodbye to Mannem” in an antisemitic report about the deportation.
The portrait photographs show three Jewish men of different age standing in the courtyard of Mannheim’s “Schlossgefängnis”.
Shortly after the photo was shot, the men were taken to the main train station, accompanied by Mr. Jütte, a photo journalist. From there they were deported to Zbąszyń on a special train.
Photographer
Hans Jütte, Bildberichterstatter
After his company became insolvent, Hagen-born Hans Jütte focused on his career as a journalist. From 1935 on, he worked for the “Hakenkreuzbanner” (Swastika banner). Jütte took pictures of local events using a Leica camera. His photographs can be found in numerous issues of the Nazi paper.
During the Second World War, Jütte was put to use among others in a propaganda company of the German Air Force. Resuming his journalistic work with the “Rheinpfalz” (literally: Rhenish Pfalz) in Ludwigshafen in 1948, he served as a local editor until his retirement in 1967.
Hans Jütte died in Bad Dürkheim in 1984.
Provenance
The photographs were printed in the morning issue of the “Hakenkreuzbanner. NS-Tageszeitung für Mannheim und Nordbaden” (Swastika Banner. Nazi daily newspaper for Mannheim and North Baden) on October 29, 1938. The newspaper was the biggest regional daily newspaper and was sold about 50,000 times a day. The issue of the “Hakenkreuzbanner” has been preserved in the Marchivum in Mannheim and been added to the German newspaper portal by this institution.
The estate of Hans Jütte, the photographer of the time, kept at the Marchivum neither includes further documents nor further photos regarding the report. A part of the estate was sold via a militaria trader in the early 1980s. The original prints may have been part of the sale. Jütte may have taken further photographs during the deportation, which have not been preserved, though.
Call number at source archive
Ohne Signatur
Title at source archive
"Der Dade ist sehr skeptisch"
Acknowledgements
The description of the photographs is based on research done by Volker Keller, teacher at a German secondary school, who has explored and publicized on Mannheim’s Jewish history for decades.
On site, Karen Strobel has supported the research.
Text and research by Christoph Kreutzmüller.
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